The optimization process and recommendations:

1. Avoid Correlated Subqueries In Select Clause (modified query below): The aggregation function located in a subquery inside the SELECT clause, is executed once for every matched row. Extracting this subquery to a temporary table will improve performance significantly.
2. Create Optimal Indexes (modified query below): The recommended indexes are an integral part of this optimization effort and should be created before testing the execution duration of the optimized query.

Optimal indexes for this query:

ALTER TABLE `es_temp1` ADD INDEX `es_temp1_idx_id_feature` (`id_feature`);
ALTER TABLE `es_temp2` ADD INDEX `es_temp2_idx_id_feature` (`id_feature`);
ALTER TABLE `es_temp3` ADD INDEX `es_temp3_idx_id_feature` (`id_feature`);
ALTER TABLE `es_temp4` ADD INDEX `es_temp4_idx_id_feature` (`id_feature`);
ALTER TABLE `features` ADD INDEX `features_idx_is_deleted_id_survey_id` (`is_deleted`,`id_survey`,`id`);

The optimized query:

SELECT
        f.id,
        f.name,
        f.description,
        f.is_active,
        es_temp1.nr_s,
        es_temp2.nr_r,
        es_temp3.is_D,
        es_temp4.duration 
    FROM
        features f 
    LEFT JOIN
        es_temp1 
            ON es_temp1.id_feature = f.id 
    LEFT JOIN
        es_temp2 
            ON es_temp2.id_feature = f.id 
    LEFT JOIN
        es_temp3 
            ON es_temp3.id_feature = f.id 
    LEFT JOIN
        es_temp4 
            ON es_temp4.id_feature = f.id 
    WHERE
        f.is_deleted IS NULL 
        AND f.id_survey = 44 
    ORDER BY
        f.id ASC